Most of the partial Shading maximum power point tracking methods have been designed for the static Shading pattern of the partial Shading conditions, however, the irradiance pattern may change further when in partial Shading mode. Therefore, to cover this research gap, a global maximum power point control under varying irradiance (GCVI) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm does not use any sensors to detect the change in the irradiance, instead, the change in the current values of the modules are continuously monitored to detect the change. The reference voltages across which the peaks on the power curve are scanned are obtained from the reference voltage generation process, the consideration of these reference points avoids the excessive power losses in the system. The verification of the working of the proposed algorithm is carried out by simulating the photovoltaic system model on SIMULINK in MATLAB software. Simulations are carried out in various scenarios to show the effectiveness of the control. The simulation results illustrate that with the change in the global maximum under partial Shading, the system successfully retunes to the new maximum point; the maximum point retunes from 10 kW to 9.2 kW and from 13.8 kW to 11.5 kW for two different case scenarios. Further, the comparisons are also carried out with the previously reported methods.

Today’s energy consumption is one of the most important causes of pollution around the world. Considering the building sector consumes the most energy, it should be seriously considered. In order to provide thermal comfort inside a building, energy is consumed, which can be managed using tools such as louvers that allow solar radiation to pass through the windows while reducing the amount of consumed energy. The goal of this paper is to find the optimal features for Shading device of fixed louvers for the east, west, and south facades of the office building at Hakim Sabzevari University in terms of thermal efficiency using parametric analysis. For one year, three rooms on three floors of this building with window louvers at different depths, angles, and distances were thermally simulated with EnergyPlus software and the HoneyBee plugin in addition to the Galapagos plugin for optimization. Based on the optimized samples, it is possible to reduce the thermal energy consumption by 32.34%, 23.71%, and 30.2%, respectively using the ideal louvers on the east, south, and west facades. In terms of thermal efficiency, the distance between the blinds on the south facade and the angle between them on the east and west facades of a window louver are the most significant factors.

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been gaining great attention during the last decade. One of the main faults in PV arrays is partial Shading, affecting its electrical parameters. Failure to detect this fault may result in optimal generated power reduction and hot spotting leading to damage to cell encapsulant and second breakdown. This paper develops a partial Shading detection algorithm that only requires the available measurements of array voltage and current. By quantifying the wave-shape of the super-imposed component of PV array power by the skewness function, it can discriminate a partial Shading condition from the short-circuit and high-resistance faults. The developed scheme is implemented in a central intelligent electronic device and does not require a communication link and training data set. The merits of the proposed partial Shading detection algorithm are demonstrated through several fault scenarios using a 5×5 grid-connected PV generation system.